Running water, like a river, can create a variety of landforms through erosion. Aqui estão alguns dos mais comuns:

Canyons: These are deep, narrow valleys carved by rivers over long periods. The Grand Canyon is a prime example.

vales: Rivers erode downward and widen their channels, creating valleys. These can be wide and shallow, or deep and narrow depending on the river's power and the rock's hardness.

Gorges: Similar to canyons, gorges are deep, narrow valleys but they are often formed by a river cutting through resistant rock.

Waterfalls: Where a river flows over a steep drop, waterfalls can form. The force of the water erodes the rock at the base, creating a plunge pool and increasing the drop over time.

Rapids: When a river flows over a rocky, uneven bed, rapids form. The turbulent water creates a fast-flowing, choppy current.

Meanders: Rivers often develop sinuous curves called meanders. Erosion occurs on the outside of the bend where the water flows faster, while deposition occurs on the inside where the water is slower.

Oxbow Lakes: As meanders become more pronounced, they can eventually cut off from the main river channel, creating a crescent-shaped oxbow lake.

Floodplains: The flat area adjacent to a river channel that is periodically inundated by floodwaters is called a floodplain. These areas are often fertile due to the deposited sediment.

Terraces: As rivers downcut and erode, they can create terraces, which are step-like features along the sides of the valley.

River deltas: Where a river meets a larger body of water, it slows down and deposits its sediment, forming a delta. These areas are often fertile and important for agriculture.

Caves: In areas with soluble rocks like limestone, rivers can erode underground, forming caves.

These are just some of the landforms created by running water. As características específicas que se desenvolvem dependem de uma variedade de fatores, incluindo o volume e a velocidade da água, o tipo de rocha e o clima.